Speaking multiple languages linked to slower brain aging

A study presented at the FENS Forum 2026 found that people who speak several languages tend to have brains that appear younger than their chronological age. Those fluent in four languages showed brains about 13 years younger than monolinguals, with earlier learning and higher proficiency strengthening the effect. The research used magnetoencephalography and AI to estimate brain age in over 700 participants.

The research team built a "brain aging clock" by analyzing magnetoencephalography data from 728 participants, using AI to map typical connectivity patterns across different ages. They then applied this clock to a separate group of 144 people to estimate individual brain ages. Statistical adjustments covered age, sex, and education, though the researchers acknowledged that lifestyle and social factors could influence the observed differences.

The gradient effect was notable: two-language speakers showed brains roughly six years younger than monolinguals, three-language speakers about seven years younger, and four-language speakers approximately thirteen years younger. Earlier second-language acquisition and higher proficiency also correlated with younger-looking brains, indicating that language experience operates along a continuum rather than as a simple bilingual-versus-monolingual distinction.