Genetic predisposition may amplify LDL cholesterol response to low-carb diets
A study presented at NUTRITION 2026 suggests that individuals with a genetic tendency for high cholesterol may experience sharper increases in LDL cholesterol on low-carb diets, especially when saturated fat intake is high. The research, led by Alexa Barad of Stanford, indicates that genetic background can explain why similar diets produce different cholesterol outcomes. The findings highlight the heterogeneity of dietary responses and the role of genetics in personalized nutrition.
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The analysis drew on DIETFITS, a year-long randomized trial of over 600 adults comparing healthy low-carb and low-fat approaches. For this follow-up, researchers examined 431 participants with available genetic data, tracking how genotype, saturated fat intake, and diet type related to LDL changes over six months. Rather than testing single genes, the team built polygenic scores from thousands of variants to estimate each person's inherited cholesterol tendency.
Among low-carb dieters, those with higher genetic risk showed the steepest LDL increases when saturated fat consumption rose. Notably, this pattern did not appear in the low-fat group. The original DI