Neuroscientist challenges the notion of a central decision-making system

Indiana University professor Tom James argues that the brain does not contain a distinct neural mechanism that makes decisions, contrary to the common 'sandwich model' of perception, cognition, and action. Instead, he proposes that behavior emerges from continuous interactions among sensory, sensorimotor, and motor processes, along with the body and environment. This perspective does not deny the reality of decisions but reframes them as emergent rather than centrally generated.