Conflict in Myanmar Fails to Halt Rare-Earth Extraction

Despite the Kachin Independence Army seizing Pangwa, the hub of Myanmar's rare-earth industry, in 2024, production has continued almost unimpeded. Myanmar supplies an estimated 16 percent of global rare-earth output and nearly half of heavy rare earths, which are critical for defense and green energy. This demonstrates how supply chains can adapt to fragmented political orders during war.