Data Center Expansion in Pennsylvania Raises Concerns Over Environmental and Social Costs
A new report from Data & Society finds that Pennsylvania's data center boom offers limited job growth while demanding vast amounts of land, water, and energy. The study warns that the industry's expansion mirrors past patterns of industrial exploitation, including the natural gas boom, and could worsen climate change. Researchers argue that promotional narratives of industrial revival mask a power grab that harms host communities.
The report stems from a two-year investigation by Data & Society, supported by a Mellon Foundation grant. Pennsylvania currently has five data centers under construction and five more approved, with dozens of additional proposals pending. Researchers interviewed developers, attended industry conferences, and consulted community members to understand the industry's footprint.
The study draws parallels between today's data center boom and Pennsylvania's earlier natural gas expansion in the 2000s. Communities have voiced concerns about energy demands worsening climate change, threats to public health, and inadequate communication from developers. Lead author Maia Woluchem noted that residents view data centers as symbols of broader inequality and remote systems of power.
This report could influence how Pennsylvania communities and policymakers approach data center proposals. If the findings gain traction, local governments may demand more transparency from developers and stricter environmental reviews. The comparison to past industrial exploitation may resonate with residents who have experienced fracking's consequences, potentially strengthening opposition movements. However, economic development pressures and the growing demand for AI infrastructure could counterbalance these concerns, creating tension between short-term investment promises and long-term environmental costs.