IMF warns AI financing boom could spill into global markets

The IMF's Global Financial Stability Report warns that a sharp reversal in AI-related financing could spread through global markets and reduce GDP, investment, and consumption by 2028. It points to circular deals, including 14 transactions since 2023 that produced $1.4 trillion in orders backed by $650 billion in loans, as well as rising leverage and concentrated ETF exposure. While core AI suppliers may be better insulated, the report sees broader contagion risks if promised profits fail to materialize.
The IMF's latest Global Financial Stability Report examines how money flowing into AI could transmit shocks beyond the sector. It highlights fourteen disclosed deals since 2023: roughly $300 billion went into financially weaker AI firms, mostly from hyperscalers, while $650 billion in borrowing supported $1.4 trillion in service and chip orders. Hedge funds' leveraged positions and margin debt have grown, and single stocks now make up 28% of leveraged ETFs.
Core suppliers such as chipmakers, memory producers, and storage vendors may be more insulated because much of their output is already committed years ahead. The report also says banks passed a stress test combining energy-price shocks, higher inflation, and an AI-driven market correction, though it warns that weaker-than-expected AI profitability could still cut global GDP, investment, and consumption by 2028.
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