Engineered Immune Cells Use Cancer-Linked Protein to Fight Tumors
Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory researchers activated the protein PPARD in CAR T cells, altering how the immune cells use fat. In laboratory and mouse tests, the modified cells slowed or stopped colorectal tumor growth and also showed activity against breast, ovarian, and melanoma cancers. PPARD normally supports cancer, but the study suggests it can improve immune-cell fitness when manipulated.
Researchers at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory examined whether reprogramming fat use in engineered immune cells could improve cancer treatment. They focused on PPARD, a transcription factor that typically aids tumor growth, and activated it in CAR T cells.
In lab dishes, patient-derived colorectal organoids, and mice carrying implanted human cancer cells, the modified cells reduced or halted tumor expansion. Similar activity appeared against breast, ovarian, and melanoma cancers. CAR T therapy has worked better for blood cancers than solid tumors, and colorectal cancer ranks as a top cancer killer among adults younger than 50.
If validated, this approach may offer another option for colorectal and other solid tumors where current immunotherapies often underperform. Patients under 50, who face high colorectal cancer mortality, could benefit most. It might also influence how researchers design CAR T therapies, though clinical benefit remains uncertain and years of testing may be needed.