New wildcat species discovered in Bolivian highlands after century-long gap
Researchers have identified a previously unknown small wildcat, named Leopardus tilcayo, in the Yungas region of Bolivia. The species, slightly smaller than a domestic cat, was confirmed through whole-genome sequencing of two individuals. Its limited range and low numbers suggest it may soon be classified as more than vulnerable to extinction.
The tilcayo tiger cat was confirmed through whole-genome sequencing of just two known individuals—a male now housed at a Yungas animal shelter after a local family surrendered it, and a female that was rescued and released following an attack by residents. Researchers began studying the animal in 2021, with findings published in Current Biology. The species measures roughly 45 centimeters, slightly smaller than a domestic cat, and features rounded ears and a spotted, leopard-like coat. Its confirmed range appears limited to Bolivia's mountainous Yungas region near La Paz, with no detections elsewhere on the planet. The creature's local nickname, "tilcayo," was incorporated into its scientific designation, Leopardus tilcayo. Conservationists currently classify it as vulnerable, though its extremely small known population may soon warrant a more severe threat rating.
This discovery could reshape conservation priorities in the Bolivian Andes, potentially drawing funding and protective measures to the Yungas region's fragile habitats. Local communities that previously mistook these cats for ordinary house cats may benefit from awareness programs distinguishing wildlife from domestic animals, reducing accidental harm. The finding may also invigorate biodiversity research in understudied South American ecosystems, suggesting other cryptic species remain undetected. However, the species' precarious status—with only two documented individuals—means any habitat disruption could prove catastrophic, making immediate protective action potentially critical for its survival.